时态的使用问题

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韦氏online有这样一个例句

She had always dreamed of writing a novel, but she never actually put pen to paper.
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请问这句话前半句用了完成时，而后半句用了过去式，是为什么啊？

神之一手

可能我的表述体与时分开说，有些朋友并不理解。
时态是体态与时态的结合。简单来说时态(Tense)=体(Aspect)+时(Time)，体表示动作发生的状态或者方式，时表示运动发生的时间。所以过去完成时是要分开对待，是指have done这一完成体，强调其完成状态，而这动作如果发生在过去，则为过去完成时had done. 因此过去完成时是过去时间与完成体的合并称谓。同理，一般体do与过去时间发生，合起来称谓一般过去时，也就是did.
关于体与时是分开的，有时可以这样表达：时间在变，方式不变。
比如：
. `$ J. ^- i) WI am reading right now.
! ~; A: q4 n( z" kI was reading when you called me last night.
I will be reading at this time tomorrow night.
) m$ p8 w/ u( e% x7 m  }因此，体与时是分开说的，但表达客观世界真实动作时，我们合并起来表达。

sakylawa

经过各位细致的讲解，本来对时态就很渣的我更加搞不懂了

神之一手

0 X  ], w) o, H3 X" m2 Q  i时态的理解要从其本质上出发。
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. ^% J2 F5 l5 m6 Y+ e) x  }完成体的功能是要强调有过这么一个完成状态。句中时间为过去，所以强调过去曾经有过这么一个完成状态，也就是梦想过。用完成体之所以强调这个完成状态，是为了引出下半句。
而后半句用的是一般体，一般体的功能只是客观表述事实，不带感情，没有掺加进人的成分，只表达事件发生而已。
( r" j2 M0 L. v8 |& @" ?举个例子你就理解了：
1. He had finished his homework before he played PC games.
- Q8 r+ o/ J/ c& E2 K2. He finished his homework before he played PC games.
两句的区别仅仅在于前半句是否多了个had，也就是用了完成体，强调了完成作业这一完成状态。而句2中用的是一般体，就只是客观描述而已。这就导致两句话的语义发生了变化。
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翻译：
" t: \3 R8 t  m! e/ J( K, y1. 他是完成了作业后才开始玩游戏的。
4 Q9 t* m+ F  U$ A( V1 r2. 他做完了作业，然后去玩游戏。

" q, H- g' T' L% w2 l) F0 Z可以感受到完成体与一般体的区别了吧？句1强调了对先完成作业的重视，句2只是表达了做作业与游戏先后两个动作的发生顺序，只做陈述，没有重要性的暗示。完成体有人的感情加入，一般体只是客观描述。拿这个理解重新再感受楼主的句子，体会下楼主原句作者的感情色彩，就明白原句时态选择背后的原因了。

klwo2

给楼主找几个真实句子：

In her address, the author said that she had always dreamed of writing a novel that would be accessible to everybody in the society.

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Diane Meier finished her first novel, No Kill Station: Murder at Rehoboth Beach in June 2017. She had always dreamed of writing a novel but all her efforts ended in frustration until she started thinking of a plot and characters based on her experiences with animal rescue.

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Thirty years ago Tom Clancy was a Maryland insurance broker with a passion for naval history. But he had always dreamed of writing a novel, and his first effort, The Hunt for Red October, catapulted on to the New York Times bestseller list.

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Katayev confesses that he had always dreamed of writing a novel about the girl. "But each time I realized that I lacked the strength. . . .

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这些句子里面的过去时、完成体，都有过去时、一般体做对照，是很符合老师谆谆教导的规律的呀
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楼主这句话，是编辑节选、修订过的，并不是完整的全段，对照的部分没有展示出来，很正常呀，不能凭空说后一句是过去时呀
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+ h6 d: i2 ^: B& F$ U好比老师教你「哪怕……也……」这个句式，告诉你「哪怕」常常跟「也」呼应

4 R" z: i# u1 {+ w  n* X' }结果你找了一句「我们一定尽全力抢救病人，哪怕只有一线希望」，然后说「我们一定尽全力抢救病人」里面非有一个「也」字不可

其实「也」字是藏在没说出来的话里面呀！「我们一定尽全力抢救病人，哪怕只有一线希望，也不放弃」

eeshu

整个句子都是对过去的陈述，所以基本时态为过去时，但是“有些小说的想法”发生在“（未）付诸行动”之前，所以用过去完成体。

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klwo2 发表于 2019-5-4 21:52
3 o) Y4 t# w" c* |# H5 h后面那句不是过去时，亲

肯定是过去式啊，要不主句的过去完成时也不会脱离过去式的时间参照而独立存在啊。

klwo2

后面那句不是过去时，亲

alextone

平行省略，后半句省略了had，加上以后你再看看

yuqinghuaz1

9 i( p/ X' `- v# E9 A- @4 S+ t
过去完成时所描述的东西 ，已经完成。而一般过去时，则是过去的一般现在时。不在于后半句用了一般过去式，还是用过去完成时，而在于他所表示的含义是不一样的。

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yuqinghuaz1 发表于 2019-5-4 22:29
& t; g0 H. [* o7 c过去完成时所描述的东西 ，有一个时间的限定，到某时为止，以后不知道。而一般过去时，则是过去的一般现在 ...

那后半句我分别使用过去式，和过去完成时，句子分别是什么意思？

yuqinghuaz1

( R* q" F& _9 j1 [7 r/ o; ~- q
1 P) S+ v/ b! N2 e4 }' y& H* o$ W$ g/ J过去完成时表示已经完成，从来没有。一般过去时表示，过去这一段时间从不。

灰色书包

再追加一个问题，查韦氏高阶的holding pattern 词条，有这个例句

1 j5 v4 Z3 h6 j  l1 n6 b: qThe company has put production in a holding pattern [=has temporarily stopped production] while better testing methods are developed.这家公司暂停了生产，以待开发出更好的测试方法。
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while从句的 are developed 我不理解是什么意思，难道不应该是while better methods ARE BEING developed， 这样的进行时么？

~荆棘

（1）She had always dreamed of writing a novel, but she never actually put pen to paper.
- g8 H  {/ r$ S- K5 RWhen we talk about finished events with words that mean 'at some/any time up to now' (like ever, before, never, yet, recently, lately, already), we normally use the present perfect.

# u, x( n5 z3 I/ Z" |, E0 yHave you ever seen a ghost?
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I'm sure we've met before.
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+ c+ h) |- O" V0 h+ bWe haven't seen Beth recently.
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! h) t6 u  R1 a& X( w. zCould you clean the car? ~ I've already done it.

She's never said 'sorry' in her life.

Has the postman come yet?
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# G  \; r# [0 z( ^5 O9 [In an informal style, simple past tenses are sometimes possible with always, ever and never when they refer to 'time up to now'.

I always knew I could trust you. (OR I've always known ... )

Did you ever see anything like that before? (OR Have you ever seen ... ?)
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以上摘自Practical English Usage，供参考。
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（2）The company has put production in a holding pattern [=has temporarily stopped production] while better testing methods are developed.
Some verbs refer to actions that produce a finished result. Examples are cut, build, pack, close. Other verbs do not: for example push, live, speak, hit, carry. The past participles of finished-result verbs, and some of their passive tenses, can have two meanings. They can refer to the action, or they can describe the result (rather like adjectives). Compare:

6 r, v1 a9 V2 [1 ]* WThe theatre was closed by the police on the orders of the mayor. (refers to the action of closing)
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When I got there I found that the theatre was closed. (refers to the state of being shut - the result of the action)

4 R- R+ U, N9 I! r  C; A: Z来源同上。则 be developed 不一定表示结果，也可以表示一个延续性的action，含义上和 being developed 差不多了。参考COCA例句一条：In Taiwan, the counseling profession has been developed for six decades and has evolved from its infant stage to become a certified and licensed profession. 这里的 be developed 显然也是过程而非结果。


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神之一手

sakylawa 发表于 2019-5-5 08:19
经过各位细致的讲解，本来对时态就很渣的我更加搞不懂了

1 ~+ a( J5 D4 B2 L4 H时态本来就难，也深邃，真正理解需要很深的认识，不好着急。