TA的每日心情 | 慵懒 2018-6-25 21:54 |
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签到天数: 13 天 [LV.3]偶尔看看II
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发表于 2019-5-5 04:34:33
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本帖最后由 ~荆棘 于 2019-5-5 17:42 编辑 / |& B( g# @. x& v% U
; V" E- F }/ I3 |(1)She had always dreamed of writing a novel, but she never actually put pen to paper." j. V3 K) ?0 ~8 Z- [. g# T
When we talk about finished events with words that mean 'at some/any time up to now' (like ever, before, never, yet, recently, lately, already), we normally use the present perfect.
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Have you ever seen a ghost?1 J; _! s+ E. K# s9 \$ X0 f
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I'm sure we've met before.
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% g3 X O/ B9 k8 r9 S( H; U5 XWe haven't seen Beth recently.- S. ~1 U. J6 R) M
/ T# Z; {. _- \/ ?+ u6 bCould you clean the car? ~ I've already done it.& r$ Y6 _* ?* L7 x1 }
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She's never said 'sorry' in her life.0 h8 M9 B% R( ^4 R# n3 V1 g. t
5 Z2 B$ Z' b# |% o% l$ n. P4 a) YHas the postman come yet?, j: ]' y4 g* H4 k, J/ j
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! @- a; h$ O8 w- s- k2 F$ }/ `In an informal style, simple past tenses are sometimes possible with always, ever and never when they refer to 'time up to now'.- i- t; v* h, V2 h
6 j' r4 A. ?' M" e7 x$ N4 oI always knew I could trust you. (OR I've always known ... )+ v# X4 D( z/ E' N" _+ ^
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Did you ever see anything like that before? (OR Have you ever seen ... ?)
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以上摘自Practical English Usage,供参考。: }% M1 ~% H- b8 @8 p: ]$ g
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(2)The company has put production in a holding pattern [=has temporarily stopped production] while better testing methods are developed.
{1 |5 y* r+ n$ @- G' d' M p! y; CSome verbs refer to actions that produce a finished result. Examples are cut, build, pack, close. Other verbs do not: for example push, live, speak, hit, carry. The past participles of finished-result verbs, and some of their passive tenses, can have two meanings. They can refer to the action, or they can describe the result (rather like adjectives). Compare:" Y; f0 O# X$ d4 a4 ~. X7 `+ D
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The theatre was closed by the police on the orders of the mayor. (refers to the action of closing)
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5 Y3 ]9 O# l$ s$ QWhen I got there I found that the theatre was closed. (refers to the state of being shut - the result of the action)! ~5 a$ ~3 a( k. h- y1 o# w
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来源同上。则 be developed 不一定表示结果,也可以表示一个延续性的action,含义上和 being developed 差不多了。参考COCA例句一条:In Taiwan, the counseling profession has been developed for six decades and has evolved from its infant stage to become a certified and licensed profession. 这里的 be developed 显然也是过程而非结果。3 a) b, b% L- a' m& A7 B( b
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