Tender和bid

elusty

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合同文件中，tender和bid经常混用，但是中文中经常区分"招标"和“投标”，如果一律用bid或tender，不容易区分。
; w, r  J; v8 V9 P  X. k今天查了一下牛津简明，发现还是解释的不是很清楚，在网上又搜索了一下，看来比较清楚了：
COED11
Tender: a tendered offer.
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网络讲解：
2 j! A! K) `4 B. P" Jhttp://thoughtbubble.com.au/the- ... ders-and-proposals/
3 R* c5 V9 Z: t5 B: n) A  rTender – The term “tender” is often used interchangeably to the term bid.  However, “Bid” is increasingly being used by the Offerer (the supply side) and the term “tender” used on the procurement side (the buyer).
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但是，下面这段描述，如果没有client，会让人看的越来越糊涂：
The terms ‘bidding’ and ‘tendering’ are often used interchangeably. A bid is a specific offer made to
a potential client with the intention that they accept that bid and agree a contract based around it. A
tender is a response to a specific request made by a potential client by a bidder. Tendering processes
4 H4 X8 g8 s( W/ ?% p6 ?1 s* P0 galways prescribe both the scope of the respondent bids and detail how the bids are to be submitted;
it is vital that the client’s process are followed as non-compliance can jeopardise a bid if perceived by
the client to be unfair to other bidders.
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8 X7 _- T  v8 e1 O. n总之，现在的趋势是，tender倾向为招标，bid倾向为投标。
" ?* z) I1 `& c* P5 D0 }4 c****抛砖引玉。

itarcy

其实这问题现在没那么复杂了
国内采用的招投标一般都是参照国外来的，过去主要是三套体系，机电部、世行、FIDIC。
; X$ x& R3 M% B# w! {1 w: QFIDIC与世行区别稍微大一点。
（不知道机电部那个标准在哪儿抄来的，怀疑也是来自FIDIC）
6 ~) {; o3 L2 P* R6 K5 Z" H& R4 w以前有种说法，招标采用tender，投标采用bid

" B+ b9 \# o+ A& ^+ n4 ]现在大部分招投标项目都套用世行的范本。
财政部找清华的老师/同学把世行范本译成了中文，作为国内招投标的范本，刊登在财政部网站上。
: W4 g9 Z; S2 b$ S- ]按照世行的体系，统一用bid，
招标文件是bidding document，投标文件是bid，投标书/函是bid letter，
2 v& B0 P' e* E& z, s投标人是bidder，有时直接用seller/supplier，招标人有时直接用employer/purchaser

回到bid/tender两个词的英语问题
1 L! M" i0 t7 B$ F0 i) [) x+ H! Y个人觉得可能是词源不同，所以才会那么混用
1 v9 ]1 b& D6 a: p  }" a个人感觉两个词在招投标上，并没有太大区别
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5 v6 x$ S# v. C然后从这两个词的区别看国内的综合性的汉英词典，个人感觉那些词典很不实用