TA的每日心情 | 怒 2019-9-29 20:45 |
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签到天数: 37 天 [LV.5]常住居民I
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发表于 2019-9-8 10:37:28
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本帖最后由 张琴琴 于 2019-9-8 11:31 编辑
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首先要指出的是,最能体现出英语思维的地方就是“时态”的运用。英语对时间表达的精确性远胜过中文,这种英语思维在汉语中的天然缺失,使得国人对英语时态的学习要么不够重视,置之不理,要么异常艰难。
3 }9 ?' ^. I { K7 W W: q再者,所有英语时态的讨论只能建立在具体的语境中,任何孤立的句子都是没有意义的,完成时更是如此。楼主能提出这样的问题,说明注意力已经开始关注起英语中比较微妙的地方。( T6 S6 l4 D( c; @1 i
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A:This young man must be no more than 30 years old. But he looks weather-beaten and tough.
' T1 k1 l5 y" z, J/ TB: Yeah. He was born to a family of sailors. He has travelled all over the world.8 m* O5 n: ?7 u+ m4 H' w
这个对话中完成时的意义就是“他周游过全世界”。既不是正在周游,也不是近期在周游,而是表达出了一种已经走遍世界的结果,这一“成果”已经成了事实。
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A: Morning, fella! Where's your brother Mike? I haven't seen him for a while.8 a Z( N1 B9 |' x" b9 p q1 f$ ~
B: Why, he is not at home. He has a long vacation every year. He is now travelling all over the world!
0 `# {: C7 v } G% D8 @: N这里当然不能用完成时。这里的进行时显然表达了Mike正在环游世界的过程中。5 k7 m0 k3 D- ~' D/ r: K
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例:
- [- R0 l/ f+ }* ~, L# f" ], aA:I found in Charlie's bookcase a number of curious gismos and souvenir badges, most of which seem to have been bought in foreign countries. What has he been doing since he graduated?
2 F* @4 ]9 ~9 `4 S& \$ D9 x; }1 i5 _B:Why, didn't you know that? He has been travelling all over the world!
/ }- [$ j! q7 S这里的现在完成进行时表达的是Charlie在从过去到现在的很长一段时间内,反复从事某个活动,即他这些年来反反复复的出国旅行。
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0 ?9 \& [ p8 u. s6 JZheng He, the legendary voyager of China's Ming Dynasty, travelled all over the world before the age of Columbus.5 D# P7 z: |( j: }
这里只是个人物介绍,所以只用过去式。
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He takes his beloved dog Queenie with him every time he travels all over the world. z, E1 |$ J; G8 H
一般现在时不一定就是“发生在现在的事情”,其本质思维是用于不受时间限制的动作。比如这个例句是在说”他每次周游世界都带上狗“。这里没有以前,现在和将来的时间概念。
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