oxfordlearnersdictionaries和OED居然也有打架的

共同研习 · 发表于 2020-10-24 23:44:44

https://www.oxfordlearnersdictio ... nglish/exchangeable

这个exchangeable的第一个音就和OED里面给的不一样，至少我手里的版本是这样的。

klwo2 · 发表于 2020-10-25 10:59:02

本帖最后由 klwo2 于 2020-10-25 11:45 编辑

这不叫打架啊，exchange本来就有两个读法：

Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary - 18th Edition：

ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ, eksˈ-

Longman Pronunciation Dictionary：

exchange noun, verb ɪks ˈtʃeɪndʒ eks-, əks-

Concise Oxford Dictionary 9th：

exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ, ɛks-/ n. & v.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online：

ex·change\iks-ˈchānj,ˈeks-ˌchānj \

碰到多音字，只列常用音的做法，究竟是ESL词典带头干的，还是国产英汉词典带头干的，我不知道，反正这俩都不是什么权威标准，只是教你读而已。

——————————————————————————————————

OED从来也没标榜说自己是读音权威啊，不知道有的朋友是不是眼花了。

The Third Edition of the OED transcribes British English according to a system rooted in the model of ‘Received Pronunciation’ (RP) developed by Professor Clive Upton for Oxford Dictionaries in the 1990s.

现在的第三版英音是照着Clive Upton教授的东西来的。当然了人家是权威，可也没说是唯一权威不是。

The principles underpinning the OED‘s U.S. English pronunciations are those of Professor William Kretzschmar, co-editor of The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (Upton, Kretzschmar & Konopka 2001, hereafter CDP), who was also directly consulted on many OED entries. CDP and its descendant, the Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (Upton & Kretzschmar 2017, hereafter RDP) continue to be key sources for U.S. English, along with American sources such as Merriam-Webster, and the U.S. pronunciations in the pronouncing dictionaries of Wells (2008) and Jones et al. (2011). As with most OED pronunciation models, consideration is also given to the Varieties of English descriptions of relevant phonologies, in this case primarily the description of Standard American English (Kretzschmar 2008), which sets the context of colonial settlement, expansion and urbanization spreading west, and the effect of demographic shifts in the 20th century.* p9 b8 c' ~8 X2 S. ?. M# k

, b5 W' ?: ^0 v( ?( _A generally agreed standard for spoken U.S. English does not exist in quite the same way as ‘Received Pronunciation’ does for British English. Kretzschmar views ‘General American’ as an erroneous term, with educationally-determined standards of pronunciation varying considerably between different regions of the USA. However, he considers the trend among ‘younger educated speakers’ towards the suppression of strongly region-marked features in more formal contexts, and this is the focus of the U.S. model in RDP and similarly OED. I

这是第三版美音的情况。第一段主要说依据的书来着，第二段说这个美音，主要体现年轻的、受过教育的美国人的音，不带方音色彩。这不就跟「年轻的、受过教育的北京人口中的普通话」是一回事吗？

老版的注音情况是educated speech of southern England (The so-called ‘Received Standard’)，从来也没说「唯一权威」「照顾不同人群的读音习惯」呀

klwo2 · 发表于 2020-10-25 11:19:16

本帖最后由 klwo2 于 2020-10-25 11:43 编辑

exchange 为啥有两个读音，这是因为e在重读闭音节里的常用音是/e/，比如expert：

expert ˈek.spɜːt

expert的重音在ex-上面，读/e/天经地义。

e在轻读的位置上，以读/i//ə/为常见音

expect /ɪkˈspɛkt/

expert的重音在pect那里，不在ex-上面。

这是常见规律一点错也没有，可是这规律不是死的呀，就有人不走寻常路：

expect 能念重读音：Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary：expect  ɪkˈspekt, ek-

Oxford Dictionary of English：expect /ɪkˈspɛkt / /ɛkˈspɛkt/

Concise Oxford Dictionary 9th：expect /ɪkˈspɛkt, ɛk-/

遠東英漢大辭典也收了这俩，恕不截图。

expert 也能念轻读音，还有的人专把形容词意义念轻读音，顺带移动重音位置：

Longman Pronunciation Dictionary ：expert  ˈeks pɜːt ˌek ˈspɜːt, ɪk-, ək- AmE ˈeks pɝːt ɪk ˈspɝːt

Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online：

expert adjective\ˈek-ˌspərt,ik-ˈspərt \
expert  noun \ˈek-ˌspərt \

英语毕竟没有「审音委员会」嘛，面貌可不就复杂得很？所以ESL词典要做减法，不然累死学生了。

至于OED，人家没说自己是读音唯一权威啊。咱不说别的，人人都说OED是「历史大词典」，可是人家最新最大的第三版读音方针里头，参考的书全是2000年以后的书，也压根没提什么古英语读音什么读音演变，只提当代音，说明人家就没往这里想，连《汉语大字典》三段式注音都没有呢

对OED而言，更要紧的似乎是世界范围内的地域变体（英音美音世界其他地方音……），而不是古今变化、英美内部的方音、某些人习惯的破读

补一张「世界其他地方英语」的图：

这个是粤语词街坊會（=街坊福利會）

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